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The Development-oriented PovertyReduction Program for Rural China
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Cop orsearch21.635 million people and 29.347 million dranght
animals. A total of 26.265 million mu of basic farmland was developed, and
6.72 million mu of meadows were fenced in for livestock grazing. Also,
67,500 km of roads connecting counties, townships and villages were
constructed. By the end of 1999, all the townships in Guangxi were
connected by roads; some 95 percent of the villages in the 49
poverty-stricken counties were accessible by automobile; 95 percent of the
villages had access to electricity and TV programs; and 85 percent of the
villages had telephone lines. Besides, education, public health and other
social undertakings have developed rapidly in the impoverished parts of
the ethnic minority areas.
Aid to the Poverty-stricken
Disabled
The disabled form a special social group in
straitened circumstances. Currently, there are over 60 million disabled in
China, accounting for approximately five percent of the total population.
Of them, 80 percent live in the rural areas, and a large number live in
poverty due to their own disability and the influence of the external
environment. It is estimated that in 1992 there were about 20 million
impoverished disabled people in China. Among the disabled poor in the
rural areas, 30 percent lived in the 592 state-designated impoverished
counties. The Chinese Government has all along attached great importance
to and shown concern about poverty alleviation for the disabled, and has
adopted a series of effective measures in this regard:
-Making poverty alleviation for the disabled an
important part of the state's poverty alleviation program. The state makes
unified arrangements to implement poverty alleviation work for the
disabled. Both the Outline of the Work for the Disabled in China During
the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period and the Outline of the Work for the
Disabled in China During the Ninth Five-Year Plan Period approved by the
Chinese Government contain coordinated implementation schemes for poverty
alleviation for the disabled. In 1998, the state specially formulated the
Priority Poverty Alleviation Program for the Disabled (1998-2000) to
ensure comprehensive arrangements for poverty alleviation for the
disabled, fixing the objectives, tasks, methods, measures and policies for
work in this connection. The local governments at various levels also give
priority aid to the disabled, drawing up plans, implementing projects,
ascertaining responsibilities, and providing energetic manpower, financial
and material support.
-Offering special loans to alleviate poverty among
the disabled. In 1992, the state established a special rehabilitation and
poverty alleviation loan to aid the impoverished disabled. By 2000, 2.6
billion yuan had been loaned to such people. In the past year, great
efforts have been made to provide small-amount credit loans for individual
households and persons, which has become a major method of helping the
disabled shake off poverty. In Henan, Guizhou, Inner Mongolia, Yunnan,
Heilongjiang and ten other provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities, such loans have exceeded 70 percent.
-Strengthening the building of the poverty
alleviation service system of the China Disabled Persons' Federation at
the grassroots level to provide prompt and effective service for the rural
disabled. In March 1998, the Coordinating Committee for the
Disabled-related Work of the State Council issued the Decisions on
Strengthening the Building of the China Disabled Persons' Federation at
the Grassroots Level. Besides, six departments under the State Council,
including the Poverty Alleviation Office, have adopted the Measures for
the Implementation of the Development-oriented Poverty Alleviation
Projects for the Disabled in the Rural Areas (1998-2000), setting forth
the requirements in strengthening the building of the service system of
the China Disabled Persons' Federation at the grassroots level. Through
several years of efforts, by the end of 2000 some 80.2 percent of the
counties (cities and municipal districts) across the country had
established 2,238 county-level service centers for the disabled; and 60
percent of the total townships had set up 28,427 township-level service
centers. A grassroots poverty alleviation service system for the disabled
has taken initial shape in the countryside, providing an important
organizational guarantee for aiding the disabled.
-Choosing suitable poverty alleviation projects and
methods for the disabled. In view of the fact that the disabled have many
difficulties participating in productive labor, stress should be laid on
supporting economic sectors that can directly help tackle the food and
clothing problem for the poor disabled in the rural areas. Such sectors
include crop cultivation, aquiculture, poultry raising, handicrafts and
household sideline production; projects that meet the needs of the
development of the local market economy and coordinate with the local
pillar industries and are well suited to the characteristics of the
disabled; and projects with wide fund coverage and marked results for
individual households and closely related to direct income increase for
the impoverished disabled.
As a result of great efforts made, the number of
the disabled poor in China had dropped dramatically, as evidenced by the
fact that the problem of food and clothing had been solved for ten million
disabled in the previous ten years, leaving only 9.79 million still beset
by this problem by the end of 2000.
Aid for Poverty-stricken
Women
The Chinese Government has paid great attention to
helping rural women shake off poverty. The Seven-Year Priority Poverty
Alleviation Program of 1994 clearly stipulates that further efforts should
be made to mobilize the women of the poverty-stricken areas to take an
active part in the fight against poverty.
In the past year, led and
encouraged by governments at all levels and organizations concerned, women
in poor rural areas have taken an active part in the campaign of "learning
culture and technology, and emulating each other in achievements and
contributions." Numerous women have been taught to read and write, and
some of them have undergone applied technology training and obtained the
title of agrotechnician, and are now playing leading roles in developing
productivity by reliance on science and technology in the poverty-stricken
areas. The biggest women's organization in China, the All-China Women's
Federation, has helped 3.47 million impoverished women out of poverty and
get rich by providing poverty alleviation services, conducting cultural
and technological training, facilitating small-amount credit loans,
organizing labor service transfer and mutual help, and initiating poverty
alleviation projects specially for women.
The state has mobilized all non-governmental
sectors to show concern for impoverished women and support social relief
activities for women in poverty-stricken areas. Such activities as the
Happiness Project to help impoverished mothers, the Spring Buds Program
for supporting girl dropouts in poverty-stricken areas and the Cistern
Project to aid women in the water-deficient areas of western China, have
played an active role in helping rural women to erase poverty quickly. By
May 2000, some 145 million yuan had been put into the Happiness Project,
helping 107,472 people and indirectly benefiting 483,000 people. By July
2000, the Spring Buds Program had raised 330 million yuan to help 1.05
million girl dropouts return to school.
V.The
Aid-the-Rural-Poor Program in the Early Period of the 21st Century
Alleviating and eliminating poverty remains a
long-term historical task for China. In order to quicken the pace of
solving the problem of poverty, which remains unsolved to a certain degree
in certain areas, a meeting on this issue was held in May 2001 by the
Central Government. An overall plan for aiding the poor in rural areas in
the first ten years of the 21st century was worked out. After the meeting,
the Chinese Government officially issued the Outline for Poverty
Alleviation and Development of China's Rural Areas (2001-2010), setting
out the objectives, tasks, guiding ideology, and policies and principles
for work in this regard in the coming ten years. The Outline is another
programmatic document following the Seven-Year Priority Poverty
Alleviation Program for guiding the poverty alleviation work in the rural
areas.
The development-oriented poverty alleviation drive
in rural China early in the 21st century is a rare historical opportunity,
but it still faces serious challenges and problems.
Favorable Conditions
China today is blessed with many favorable
conditions, some of them much more favorable than in the past, in its
poverty alleviation drive. Great attention has been paid to the work by
governments at various levels; support has been given by all sectors of
society; and the cadres and ordinary people of the poor regions are
working hard with one heart and one mind. These are the most important
conditions for guaranteeing the steady progress of the work. With regard
to the objective environment, we have the following favorable
conditions:
-A sound base has been laid for the poverty
alleviation work. After more than 20 years of hard work, the problem of
food and clothing of the impoverished population has been basically
solved; production and living conditions in poverty-stricken areas have
improved by a wide margin; the ability to withstand natural calamities and
develop production in those areas has been strengthened; and we have
accumulated a rich store of successful experiences and found out a number
of effective methods in the practice of the poverty relief work. All these
are helpful to the progress of our future work in this regard.
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